The beginning of a child's education in the 1st grade is a difficult and responsible stage in his life. After all, there are a lot of changes. It is not only new living and working conditions - it is also new contacts, new relationships, new responsibilities. The social position is changing: he was just a child, now he has become a schoolboy. The social institution of education and upbringing is changing: not the kindergarten, parents, grandmother, but the school, where educational activities become leading. The whole life of a child changes: everything is subject to education, school, school affairs and worries.

Getting used to school is a long individual process. According to statistics, only 50% of children adapt to new conditions and requirements within six months. The second half takes more time. The process of adaptation consists of many, closely interrelated, aspects: social, pedagogical, physiological, psychological, and so on. As for physiological adaptation, doctors note that most first-graders get sick in September, some children lose weight in the first 2-3 months of training, some complain of fatigue, headaches, become moody. This is not surprising, because 6-year-olds are hit by an avalanche of tasks that require them to mental and physical stress. Socio-psychological adaptation is to master the new social status of "student", as well as to establish effective communication with peers and teachers.

School adaptation includes biological, psychological and social adaptation.

Biological adaptation is an adaptation to a new mode of learning and life. Life is fluid, contradictory, unpredictable: he did not have time to adapt to feel the stability of existence, as it happens that radically changes plans, significantly affects well-being, forces to adapt to the new and unusual.

Psychological adaptation is an entry into a new system of requirements related to the implementation of educational activities. The process of interaction between the individual and the environment is to find and use adequate means and ways to meet its basic needs, which include the need for security, physiological needs (food, sleep, rest, etc.), the need for acceptance and love, recognition and respect, self-expression, self-affirmation and development. This creates opportunities for successful social adaptation and socialization of the child.

Social adaptation is the process of joining a student body. Social adaptation is considered as the final, final stage of adaptation in general, which provides both physiological and psychological and social well-being of the individual. The first-grader must adapt to the requirements of those social groups that are characteristic of the school (student group, teachers, other classes, etc.).

Consider the factors that affect the success of the child's adaptation to school:

• functional readiness for the beginning of systematic learning: the child's body must reach such a level of development of individual organs and systems to adequately respond to the external environment.

• age of beginning of systematic training: it is not by chance that the adaptation period in six-year-olds is longer than in seven-year-olds. Six-year-olds have a higher intensity of all body systems, lower and unstable performance. The year that separates a six-year-old from a seven-year-old is very important for his physical, functional and mental development. It is in this year that the following important neoplasms are formed: the regulation of behavior, orientation to social norms and requirements, develops intensively, and the foundations of logical thinking are laid.

• health status: this is one of the main factors influencing not only the activity and success of the process of adaptation to school, but also the process of further education. Healthy children adapt most easily.

• the level of training of adaptation mechanisms: of course, first-graders who have previously attended kindergarten, much easier to adapt to school than "home", not accustomed to a long stay in the children's team;

• features of the child's life in the family: such points as the psychological atmosphere in the family, the relationship between parents, parenting style, the status of the child in the family, the child's home life, etc .;

• psychological readiness for schooling: psychological readiness involves intellectual readiness (level of development of cognitive abilities), emotional-volitional readiness (emotional maturity, adequacy of emotional response, volitional regulation of behavior) and personal readiness (motivational readiness, communicative readiness);

• rational organization of classes and daily routine: one of the main conditions without which it is impossible to maintain the health of children during the school year is compliance with the regime of classes, teaching methods, content and saturation of curricula, environmental conditions to age opportunities of first-graders;

• appropriate organization of motor activity of the child: motor activity - the most effective way to prevent and prevent fatigue, maintain high performance.